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France on the threshold of the 20^th century

A steady but controversial government: A parliamentary democracy; French society; France and the world; Public education; Political challenges; Trade union challenges; An end to crisis

A structured court system: The civil justice system; The military justice system

The new army: Military society; The goal: Never again 1870!; The War Ministry; The Army General Staff Office; The French and the army; Espionage and counter-espionage

The French and the Dreyfus Affair

Jews in France: France and the Jews prior to the emancipation of 1791; Jews and the Republican State; Anti-semitism at the turn of the century

The formation of public opinion: The Press; Brochures and popular songs; The churches and freemasonry; The two camps and the high point of the anti-dreyfusards; The role of intellectuals

Alfred Dreyfus and his family

The social rise of an Alsatian family: The social rise of a family; Successful mill owners; France's choice after 1871

The itinerary of a French officer: An alsatian at the Ecole Polytechnique; An artillery officer; A patriot at the Ecole Superieure de Guerre; The cashiering of a General Staff Officer; The prisoner of Devil's Island; Commander Alfred Dreyfus

The support of family and friends: Lucie, the unwavering spouse; Mathieu, the admirable brother; The family mobilizes; The support of Zadoc Kahn and the Reinach brothers; Bernard Lazare, the first Dreyfusard

The long road to justice

From the first review to the amnesty: First steps; New evidence and the work of the lawyers; The first review; The preparation of the Rennes trial; The second conviction; A brief appeal and the presidential pardon; The law of amnesty

Towards the quashing of the case without appeal: The captain's affair; Jaures's struggles; The investigation of Captain Targe; The review process; From closing arguments to the Moras report; Dreyfus's innocence proclaimed; The publication of the decree clearing Dreyfus

The aftermath of the Affair

From eyewitnesses to historians: Dreyfus rejoins the ranks; Lieutenant colonel Alfred Dreyfus; Memories of the affair; The constant hostility of Maurras's supporters; The affair since the 1930s

Intellectuals in politics: Zola, a moment of human conscience; The memory of Jaurès, a powerful orator; The dreyfusard spirit in the 20th century

The struggle for Human Rights: Justice and tolerance: the secular struggles; The founding of the League of Human Rights; The league and the innocence of dreyfus; The league of Human Rights in the 20th century; France, the country of Human Rights; The Universal Declaration of Human Rights; Dreyfus in history

Educational resources (FR)

guides

Chronology

For or against Dreyfus

Family tree

Judicial institutions

The branches of powers

Nullification decree dated 12 July 1906 (Quicktime VR)

tools

Acknowledgements

Accessibility